Engineering ewb research Essay Example for Free

Designing ewb look into Essay 1. Presentation The Engineers Without Borders Australia (EWB) Challenge is where first year University Students all through Australia are required to choose from a scope of issues related with the day to day environments of a burdened network inside Nepal, all the more explicitly the town of Sandikhola, a peak network in the Gorkha region. The understudies are then required to create inventive answers for battle these issues to profit the network through plan, cooperation and appropriate correspondence. This specific research report bunch 9C will concentrate on Water Supply and Sanitation Systems (WASH), specifically Multiple Use Systems (MUS). MUS alludes to a framework where the water is utilized for a scope of purposes, to limit the measure of new water should have been drawn from the source and increment the relevance of the source. This report will diagram look into led into the MUS including; the geology of the Gorkha region, a contextual analysis on a WASH activity as of now set up in Nepal, additionally remembered for the report will be an assessment of wellsprings of research, and a finish of the report. 2. Research 2.1 Geography of the Gorkha District The Gorkha District in Nepal is situated on the mid-southern region of the Terai area generally the focal point of Nepal. All the more explicitly the town of Sandikhola is found around 42 kilometers North East of Bharatpur, which generally is longer than an hour drive every way by means of a soil street which is just available by 44’s and isn't open in wet conditions. The town of Sandikhola is situated on a slope with a height of 1256 meters, and is generally isolated into three unique segments comprising of harvests, lodging and domesticated animals. 2.1.1 Natural Resources Land is viewed as the most significant characteristic asset to most residents of the Gorkha locale. With over 80% of the populace, 24 506 759 individuals, gaining a job from cultivating, which thusly creates 36.1% of GDP on a national scale. Because of water deficiencies and inconsistency according to water system, this is certainly not a protected asset for the individuals of the Gorkha locale. The main issue with using area to this major of a scale is that it is as a rule excessively drained because of the quickening development of populace, leadingâ to across the board obliteration of natural frameworks. The other asset is water, which are contaminated because of absence of cleansing and the absence of the asset, other than area, is because of de-forestation and the staggering impacts it has on the earth. 2.1.2 Technological Resources The Gorkha region has extremely restricted mechanical assets, particularly when 90% of the populace live in country zones and normal profit per family every week are beneath a dollar which make the moderateness of innovative assets incomprehensible for poor families. Shockingly the phone signal all through the region is shockingly acceptable in spite of the fact that this is an under utilized asset because of absence of foundation and funds. With under 7% of the populace approaching the web correspondence on a worldwide and even national scale can be exceptionally troublesome. Because of the creating idea of Nepal access to any cutting edge innovation is unviable, with it here and there taking up to and more than a half year for any innovation to arrive at numerous rustic networks for example water testing units. 2.1.3 Population and Income Through inquiring about Population and Income it was discovered that there are more than 30 million individuals in Nepal, with around 300 000 individuals in Gorkha. The Terai area obliges for 50.27% of the complete populace, approximately 15 million individuals, which is the sloping/bumpy district of Nepal which can make life extremely hard for these individuals specifically. The normal family salary is short of what one dollar daily with over 40% living under the destitution line. In the Gorkha region 90% of residents live in country territories which goes to show the absence of urban association further strengthening the way that improvement of innovation comparable to water use will incredibly influence the populace in all parts of life. 2.1.4 Natural Disasters Catastrophic events majorly affect creating nations, particularly where environmental change is concerned. This is because of the high reliance on atmosphere delicate divisions in the Gorkha area including ice sheets, farming and ranger service, and its low monetary versatile limit. These catastrophes are getting progressively regular with the speeding up of an Earth-wide temperature boost. This is because of the expanded temperatures experienced contrasted with 1990 to 2010 where an expansion of 1.9 Degrees Celsius to the averageâ temperature, these specific catastrophic events remember an increment for dry periods, floods, exceptional precipitation, avalanches, timberland fires, frigid retreats, and icy mass lake upheaval flood dangers. The other principle cataclysmic events basic to this region are seismic tremors because of the situating of Gorkha on the gathering purpose of the Eurasian and Indian structural plates. These fiascos should be considered so the MUS can withstand pu lverization by means of catastrophic event. 2.1.5 Climatic Conditions Appeared in these two charts (beneath) is the normal precipitation and temperature of the Gorkha District. By considering these two charts it tends to be seen that the year is separated into a wet and dry season with the temperature during the time remaining generally consistent with a base scope of 3 degrees Celsius and a most extreme scope of 9 degrees Celsius. This examination is basic to the investigation of water gracefully 2.1.6 Education Levels In the Gorkha region training is a work in progress with the essential proficiency rate at 45% of guys and just 28% of ladies. In the region alone there are near 500 schools, 400 of which are open. With the assistance of numerous Non-Government Organizations, advancement of these schools has excellently affected the training framework, for instance toward the finish of 2013 1000 PCs were disseminated to these schools promptly making accessible immense measures of instructive assets to these networks. The issues related with the instruction levels incorporate the movement separation particularly inside rustic zones, and furthermore the absence of appropriate WASH assets which influences the soundness of the understudies. 2.1.7 Infrastructure According to the Infrastructure accessible to the individuals of Gorkha it very well may be noted as ineffectual. This is found as streets to a considerable lot of the rustic regions inside which the greater part lives, are for all intents and purposes distant without a 44, as not exactly a fourth of streets in Nepal really being cleared/cemented. This is progressively caused testing because of less to than 1% of the populace really approaching a vehicle. The primary type of transport readilyâ available are the open transports, yet then again they are not very solid with the large number of strikes which happen, making life for the individuals increasingly troublesome when they need to stroll for a considerable length of time to get where they were going. Another significant imperfection is the powerlessness for residents to get to a scope of administrations with under 15% of individuals approaching conventional social insurance administrations, kids strolling on normal 1-3 hours to go to class, there is additionally an absence of a power gracefully to lion's share of country regions, absence of open sewage treatment in most of the region and when all is said in done detachment of rustic territories. 2.2 Existing Solutions In the network of Sandikhola, there is a wide scope of issues related with water gracefully. These incorporate the availability to water sources, the neatness/nature of water flexibly, the measure of water provided, and the capacity for the asset to be successfully utilized across residential utilizations and beneficial employments. At present in Sandikhola roughly 80% of WASH strategies are as of now set up with there being a couple of wellsprings of water; one little conduit, eight tap stands and two spring admissions yet during the dry season these admissions become inaccessible because of low weight. At the point when this happens the network must draw water from a bigger spring found further away starting from the village the slope. On account of Sandikhola at each spring admission is a supply tank, there are three water quality analyzers spread over the town, one downpour screen and two stream screens. Additionally acquainted with this network is the utilization of reusing wate r, for example, catching floods at spring admissions, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), Ground Water Capture (GWC), haze water, and dark water frameworks. Through the combination of a scope of these sources, frameworks and methods we build up a MUS framework. 2.2.1 Construction Fundamentally the MUS is developed by means of the association of a scope of single use advancements for example spring admission, stockpiling tanks, tap stands. This is to lessen the measure of water requires for use by decreasing waste water (supportability), and furthermore to make it increasingly open for the locals. For the development a considerable lot of the town individuals are vigorously associated with development in order to guarantee the instruction of the MUS to the network permitting it to be appropriately kept up significantly after the EWB/NEWAH group leaves. 2.2.2 Inputs and Outputs For the execution of the MUS there are various sources of info required, these incorporate; help from an outsider for this situation EWB and NEWAH corresponding to subsidizing, research and planning, support from individuals from the Sandikhola people group, materials, momentum advancements, and devices. For each contribution there is a yield, for this situation once development is finished a portion of the yields of the innovation become clear, these including; an expansion of salary and advantages according to this including; general wellbeing, sustenance, social strengthening, food security, time investment funds. Expansion of Livelihood, which is the procedure by which the network builds up a scope of exercises and social help capacities so as to endure and improve their ways of life for example training, entomb/intra-cultural connection. In

Imagine that you are the owner of a small manufacturing company Research Paper

Envision that you are the proprietor of a little assembling organization - Research Paper Example The lowest pay permitted by law laborers, generally in the gathering area, would be at the level where the fundamental needs must be fulfilled. The essential needs or the most minimal levels needs are the physiological needs and except if these are fulfilled, different necessities won't surface. This depends on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs that clarifies what spurs individuals and the sort of necessities that cause activity. In light of this hypothesis, it is hence fundamental that lowest pay permitted by law laborers are given wages that meet their essential needs. This is their essential concern and can inspire them to work. Additionally, it takes part more than cash to satisfy individuals. Individuals look for professional stability, acknowledgment and status. Employer stability is especially significant for individuals that try to fulfill lower request needs (Latham and Ernst, 2006). In any case, despite the fact that their fundamental needs are met, they additionally antic ipate distributive equity. On the off chance that a worker feels he is come up short on, it could antagonistically influence execution. This may likewise prompt sentiments of antagonistic vibe towards the administration. Adams’ value hypothesis centers around the persuasive impacts of distributive equity where the laborers would think about the sources of info and yields of their own self versus those of others (Locke and Latham, 2004). To guarantee low turnover, the executives should attempt to build the connection among endeavors and execution assessment, and execution and results. Giving the correct activity job and preparing to satisfy the activity job would propel the lowest pay permitted by law specialist since they would feel perceived. This is the dependent on the Hawthorne Studies, which found that management, impetuses and working conditions sway execution. Self-assurance hypothesis (SDT) is another hypothesis of human inspiration and advancement. One of the hypothe ses it centers around is controlled inspiration. Controlled inspiration comprises of outer guideline just as introjected guideline (Deci and Ryan, 2008). When the essential needs of the lowest pay permitted by law laborers are given, to accomplish the longing efficiency, they need some measure of control. Through control conduct ought to be directed by methods for outer possibilities, for example, prizes and discipline. Leveled out individuals are pressurized to think, feel or act specifically ways. They may likewise attempt to give their best as this could bring them prizes and inability to do so could bring about discipline. To the extent workers from different segments (deals, innovation and organization) are concerned, diverse arrangement of inspiration methodology can be embraced. Objective setting hypothesis by Locke and Latham centers around the impacts of cognizant objectives as sparks of undertaking execution. Objective setting is a ground-breaking inspiration procedure as it makes a â€Å"strong situation† (Latham and Ernst, 2006). The solid circumstance limits the impact of character contrast among laborers. In deals and innovation individuals with varying abilities and character are probably going to be in a similar group. Objective setting hypothesis expresses that defining significant standards can prompt superior, the higher the objectives the higher will be one’s execution and variable, for example, support in dynamic and input upgrade execution (Locke, 1968 refered to in Locke and Latham, 2004). At the point when individuals accomplish objectives they feel fulfilled. This will likewise guarantee great work. To limit the effect of individual contrasts, objective setting ought to be founded on singular ability and capacities. Simultaneously, high yet achievable objectives could upgrade efficiency and execution. Hierarchical

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION - 550 Words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION (Essay Sample) Content: Human Resource Management Name: Institution: Human Resource Management Employee motivation is one of the mandates that a human resource manager has at any organization. It is generally agreed that an employee will be induced to pursue a company's goals through the use of external factors CITATION Mar131 \l 1033 (Marchington Suter, 2013). Examples of intrinsic factors include job fulfillment and satisfaction. Alternatively, an employee can be induced to pursue these goals due to external factors. External factors include factors that have to do with rewards and punishment. One of them is employee involvement. According to Wallace et al (2013), employee engagement exists when employees acknowledge that they have the capability to make decisions and act on them. Secondly, employees should have access and ability to share information that is needed in order to make those decisions CITATION Wal13 \l 1033 (Wallace, Butts, Johnson, Stevens, Smith, 2013). A third requirement is that an employee should be in a position to continually update their knowledge a s this will enhance their effectiveness in making decisions CITATION Wal13 \l 1033 (Wallace, Butts, Johnson, Stevens, Smith, 2013). The fourth requirement is that employees should be rewarded when they make decisions that lead to more effective workplaces CITATION Wal13 \l 1033 (Wallace, Butts, Johnson, Stevens, Smith, 2013). Given these requirements, a suitable method of increasing employee involvement in the workplace is employee newsletters. Employee newsletters are argued to be an important tool that is used to enhance communication within an organization CITATION JiL12 \l 1033 (Ji, Huang, Liu, Zhu, Cai, 2012). An organization uses these newsletters to communicate vital information that affects employees. For example, these newsletters can contain information on a new pension plan that has been adopted by the company. Newsletters are also useful in letting employees know of changes that have occurred within the organization. In the modern company, employee newsletters can be availed through the internet. This occurs through emails and sharing through groups created on the employees' website. Apart from communicating to employees, newsletters can also include material written by employees. That is to mean that employees can have articles appearing on the newsletter. These articles can be about the individual employee's area of work or general information emanating from outside the company. Employees can also use the newsletter to communicate their opinion regarding their area of work. Therefore, employee newsletters become an important way through which employees engage in the workplace. It is also a way through which information flows within the company, thus spurring innovation. Another initiative through which a company can increase involvement in the workplace is by offering them training opportunities. Training leads to a build-up in knowledge among employees CITATION Wal13 \l 1033 (Wallace, Butts, Johnson, Stevens, Smith, 2013). As a result, it enhances an employee's ability to make decisions, thus better involvement in the workplace. Training can be done within the company through apprenticeship and in-house seminars. The company should provide adequate time for employees to undergo this type of ...

Essay on American Political Parties - 1589 Words

American Political Parties There have been many different political parties since the beginning of the American political system. A political party is made up of a group of people that share common goals and ideals, and these people work together to help elect people to offices that share these goals to represent them. Political parties work to try to control the government and their ultimate goal is to win as many elections and to gain as many offices as possible. During the time when the Constitution was being debated over the first two political parties surfaced in the United States, the Federalists, and the Anti-Federalists. After the Constitution was ratified the Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson, became the†¦show more content†¦They called themselves National Republicans. The others stood for states rights, tariffs that were for revenue only, and an independent treasury. They took the name Democrats and elected Andrew Jackson to the Presidency in 1828 and 1832. Those who opposed Jac kson questioned his dissolution of the Bank of the United States, his internal improvement policies, his stand against South Carolina during the nullification crisis, and his policies on rotation in office and the spoils system. By the election of 1836 the National Republicans and others opposed to Jacksons policies had come together to form a new party, the Whigs. Since Jackson believed in a strong executive branch, those who opposed him referred to him as King Andrew, and the party got their name since Whigs were usually associated with opposing the King. The Democrats argued that the policies of the Whigs only benefited the upper class of people and imposed on states rights (www.encyclopedia.com). The Whigs lost to the Democrats that year, but in 1840 they succeeded in getting William Henry Harrison elected President. In 1844 the Whig candidate, Henry Clay, lost to James Polk, but in the next election Zachary Taylor won for the Whigs. 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Domestic Violence Against Men By Suzanne Steinmetz

The earliest literature reference to domestic violence against men can be found in the studies of Suzanne Steinmetz (1977,1978) entitled, â€Å"The Battered Husband Syndrome.† She hypothesizes that the incidents of husband-on-wife beatings rivals the incidents of wife perpetrated batterings, and that it was husband abuse not wife abuse that was underreported form of domestic violence. Steinmetz used two United States populations, a broadband nonrepresentative group and a random sample in New Castle, Delaware in the form of police reports and family surveys. The small study found only small differences in the percent of men and women who resorted to violence in the context of pushing, shoving, or hitting with hands or an object. This suggested early on that domestic violence is not a one way street. Husband beating is a serious issue and needs attention due to the fact that it is grossly underreported. Steinmetz received numerous criticism from her colleagues on this concep t. In later studies, Murray Straus, Richard Gelles, and Suzanne Steinmetz (1980), authors of the book, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in The American Family, supports Steinmetz’s earlier studies in finding that women acted violently during marital affairs compared to a similar number of men who act violently in the United States. The study used 2,413 family surveys, finding in majority of them that the level of violence was a mutual or bilateral activity, with only 27% of cases finding that husbands were theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Bias Of Domestic Violence1659 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Bias in Violence Unprovoked battering. Over the years the term domestic violence has been given mass popularity in society. This is due to the many highly publicized events ranging from the Ray Rice’s abuse charges all the way to the murder trial of O.J. Simpson. The term domestic violence has emerged from a vow of silence in households to a prevalent discussion that has flourished throughout society. Or has it? Yes, domestic violence has been recognized as an issue in society. This hasRead MoreEssay Domestic Violence Against Men2504 Words   |  11 PagesThe first reaction upon hearing about the topic of battered men, for many people, is that of incredulity. Battered husbands are a topic for jokes (such as the cartoon image of a woman chasing her husband with a rolling-pin). One researcher noted that wives were the perpetrators in 73% of the depictions of domestic violence in newspaper comics (Saenger 1963). Battered husbands have historically been either ignored or subjected to ridicule and abuse. In 18th-century France, a battered husband wasRead MoreDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy3825 Words   |  16 PagesDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy In the Beginning The Battered Womens movement of the 1970s enlightened society about a much secreted, and what at the time, was considered a family matter, that of violence against women by their male intimate partners. Many lives have been saved as a direct result of societys public awareness of this much-hidden scourge on our families. Federal and state laws prohibiting Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) have been enacted, and funding has been put in place

Harvard Supplementary Essay Letter to My Roommate free essay sample

Dearest future college roommate, As the doubtlessly driven and independent young student you are—I mean, heck, you got into Harvard—I’m sure that you’re eager beyond words to start this new chapter in your life. I don’t blame you. After all, college is your big opportunity to leave the nest and spread your wings for the first time, and, best of all, there’s no one else to please but you. That’s right—I’m talking complete freedom. Just think of the possibilities! You want to shut your door and turn up the music so loud that your eardrums atrophy? Sure thing! You want to leave your room looking like a tornado hit it and then a horde of intoxicated chimps came in and scavenged madly through the wreckage? Sure thing! You want to be a daredevil and—gasp!—go out without a coat? Sure thing! You want to skip your veggies and stay up until three in the morning eating cold leftover pizza you’re too lazy to microwave and a gallon of bubble gum chunk ice cream? Well, sure thing, but you’ve got bad taste. But anyway, bad taste aside, listing the pleasures of total autonomy isn’t the reason I’m writing this letter†¦rather, I’m writing to break the news that everything I just said is kind of a lie. Or, at least, there’s an asterisk attached to it. Because the first thing that college is going to do to you when you arrive on campus and start getting excited about your room to yourself and your total autonomy will be to take away your room to yourself and your total autonomy. That’s right—they’re going to assign you to a room with other living, breathing, feeling human organisms whose backgrounds, interests, dispositions, pet peeves, and favorite ice cream flavors could be completely different from yours. Congratulations! For you, one of those organisms is me. That’s not to say that I’m not ridiculously excited to start at Harvard or to have you as a roommate—I’m just trying to prepare us both. College will be our first time on our own, but just like education teaches us how to use knowledge for others’ benefit, our new freedom will teach us how to function responsibly when we’re working with other autonomous people. That’s life, after all. So, in short, you and I are going to have a lot of decisions to make together, and I thought that maybe we should tell one another about ourselves beforehand so that at least we know what to expect.If you fail to prepare, you’re preparing to fail, am I right? So, with all that being said, here’s the top ten things (in no particular order) that I think you should know about me before we share a room. 1. I am not a morning person. That doesn’t mean that I hate people in the morning; rather, I hypothesize that my neurons relax excessively during the night and it takes longer for them to tighten up and start firing again than it does for most people. As a result, my early-morning communicative abilities are usually reduced to Neanderthal grunting, slow blinks, improvised sign language, and the occasional clueless stare. My parents say that I have been known to smile at them once in a while, though, so there is still hope for you. Just go on with your day as usual and I’ll eventually start functioning properly again on my own. 2. I don’t participate in any social media whatsoever, so if you make a habit of initiating conversation by asking if I saw your latest Snapchat story or your friend’s tweet, I will smile politely and laugh at all your references but will generally have no clue what you’re talking about. In fact, I only know what a Snapchat story is because I just Googled it ten seconds ago. I apologize in advance for any inconvenience. 3. I’m introverted (NOT the same thing as shy, despite popular belief), so I like to get to know people before becoming completely open with them. When I do get to know you, though, I’m very warm and love to talk. Plus, I love stories and I’ll sit and listen to you if you ever need to vent. 4. If there is a spider in our room, you will probably have to be the one to kill it, because I’m going to be on the opposite side of the room cringing and telling you for the thousandth time how much I hate spiders. 5. I love books. 5?. If you think that Shakespeare, J.K. Rowling, Tolkien, and Mark Twain are literary geniuses, then we should definitely talk about books with each other. If you think that the best books ever written are those that have anything to do with teenage vampires, then maybe we should talk about something else. 5?. If you ask me to go to a party with you, be specific, because I actually have a shirt that says â€Å"I like to party, and by party, I mean read books† (I’ll show it to you sometime if you want to see it) and I will probably think that you’re referencing time in the library. Again, I apologize in advance. 6. While bubble gum ice cream—which does actually exist, in case you’ve never had the displeasure of trying it—really isn’t my thing, I am a die-hard chocolate fan, so if you ever need to bribe me to do something, chocolate-flavored anything (including ice cream) is your best bet for leverage. Dark chocolate is my favorite, by the way, but milk chocolate will do in a pinch. 7. I will constantly beleaguer you with the question â€Å"Is it cold in here to you?† because, believe it or not, my body’s heat-generating capabilities are almost as faulty as my neurons in the morning, so I am almost always cold. Also, if you ever walk into our room and it seems to be vacant except for a tubby little bundle of blankets with sock feet sticking out, check the bundle, because it’s probably me. 8. I’m really looking forward to being able to sit around with a bunch of smart people and talk about the amazing things they’re doing, so I’ll probably be attending a ton of community meals/study sessions/club gatherings, and I’ll likely be inviting you to them all the time. I also hope that all of us suitemates get to spend many evenings together sharing the discoveries we’ve been making, so don’t be a stranger. Besides, that’s the perfect way to end the day, don’t you think? 9. We’re probably going to be sharing a bathroom, so heads up: I take really long, scalding showers. So get in there before I do, and test the temperature before you just go hopping in—my little brother’s had to learn that the hard way over the years, bless his heart. Also, I may or may not sing in there. Don’t go checking. 10. My sources (a.k.a. my mom, dad, and brother) tell me that I have really weird tastes in food, so if we go to the cafeteria together, please be patient with me. For example, I will go straight to a sushi bar and pile my plate with raw seafood, squid tentacles, and fish-egg-laden rolls, but I will not touch any kind of fruit jelly with a ten-foot pole. Same for raw tomatoes (by themselves, anyway), American cheese, runny eggs, gravy, smoked sausage, and applesauce. Apparently my taste buds haven’t figured out how the American palate works. Good thing there’s going to be a ton of different cultural dishes available, because otherwise I would be in danger of missing out on the Freshman 15, and that would really be un-American. Alright, so that’s my list; I hope it was informative and not too terrifying. And can I tell you something truthfully? Though I do hope that we end up having a lot in common, I would also be pretty excited if you differ from me on almost every point I listed. I don’t want to room with my clone. I want to be part of a community that’s full of living, breathing, feeling human people with different perspectives and amazing insights that come from just being unique. And that, thankfully, is a community that Harvard happily fosters. Like I said, I love stories. Can’t wait to hear yours. So, with that, I’m signing off! Take care, stay amazing, and whatever you do, don’t try any bubble gum chunk ice cream, because I have no idea how you’re supposed to swallow the ice cream and chew the gum at the same time without choking to death. See you soon! BreeZephyr

Political Culture Essay Example

Political Culture Essay â€Å"Drawing examples from any one Caribbean territory and using public opinion data from sources , to what extent is political culture less dependent on local culture as a result of recent technological developments. † Political culture is the particular set of orientations, beliefs, customs, and preconceptions which are shared by members of the society, which give meaning to their political process, and which provide the underlying assumptions that govern their political behaviour and public policies (Lawrence 6). On the other hand we have local culture, which Karen Lawrence describes as the history, family, politics, landscape, art, music and values and people melded into a sense of place that feels vibrant and cohesive and firmly rooted. Local culture is where and how one is connected to life and each other; it is the collective memory of a community. What is technology might one ask? Technology is the use of tools or instruments for any human activity. These human activities can be production, storage, exchange, transportation or even consumption. It is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life society and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial engineering,  applied  science,  and  pure science. Politics is an area which manifests may aspects of our culture and in these modern times, political culture in the Caribbean territory of Jamaica has become dependent on recent technological developments. 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Due to globalization, money, goods and manufacturing have become more mobile than they once were, and as a result corporations and businesses are allowed to finance, invest and move wherever they choose, they have a wider access to other countries across the world. There is a shift in the balance of power between international businesses and governments. National governments are less able to control the activities of mobile businesses than in the past, while corporations and financial institutions are in a better position to dictate to national governments. They do this by, purchasing the currencies of states whose policies they approve and abandoning, or threatening to abandon the rest. In 2003, Jamaica’s debt stood at $4. 4billion owing to the IMF, the debt required that 52 cents of every dollar earned goes for interest payments. By this time Jamaica had already paid back 17 times the amount of money originally borrowed. Farming and industry have been in crisis. There was a very high unemployment rate and there has been migration from the rural areas to Kingston, people in search of jobs and opportunities. There was an increase in crime and drug trade, which in turn have led to frequent police killings. Political violence and rioting has been seen in recent years. Responsible in part for this unrest and turmoil is globalization, ensnaring the country in enormous debt arranged by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and other international lending agencies at high interest rates. â€Å"The structural adjustments that were imposed by the IMF had cause for an increase in interest rates to industry and farmers, so that they could no longer compete with the flood of subsidized or â€Å"dumped† foreign imports. These policies have driven down wages and forced the government to cut back funding for education, healthcare, and agricultural programs which benefit the poor (Harper 2003). † Again due to globalization there was civil unrest and mayhem in Jamaica. In 2009 there was an extradition request from the USA for Christopher â€Å"Dudus† Coke, a drug kingpin who enjoyed demigod status in the west Kingston stronghold of Tivoli Gardens. The United States wanted him for drug trafficking and gun trade. The then ruling party, the Jamaica Labour Party did not want to give up Mr. Coke, as he had close ties with the party. This included a construction company called Incomparable Enterprises, where Dudus was a partner, was awarded three government contracts by the JLP valued at $US 400 thousand, also a contract worth US $150,000 to transport materials to Riverton City landfill. Also the JLP was also responsible for campaigning and establishment of the â€Å"garrison† known as Tivoli. The USA said that they would cut all ties with Jamaica if Mr. Coke was not extradited. Jamaica depended on the US for money and imported products. Jamaica could not afford to lose America’s support, as so in turn, Dudus was extradited. This is a clear example of the influence of globalization. According to Alec Ross, one of the creators of technology policy for Barack Obamas 2008 presidential campaign, â€Å"We are well beyond being able to consider social media a fad. If you are not open to social media spaces then you are not attuned to the dynamics on the street and you sacrifice both understanding and power. The emergence of Social Media has caused for the political culture in Jamaica to be less dependent on local culture, due to this recent technological advancement. In 2007 statistics showed that 539. 543 per 1,000 people  in Jamaica used the internet, in 2005 3,042,000 people in Jamaica were telephone subscribers. Also in 2007 there were 2,700,000 mobile phone subscribers and 444. 079 per 1,000 people in Jamaica who had radios. In 2002, 70. 04% of households in Jamaica had televisions. These numbers are rising every year, with social media becoming more popular as the years go by. In Jamaica there are 7 local television channels; the two main local channels being CVM and TVJ (Gordon 89). These channels no longer focus on what is going on locally in the country or show many locally produced shows. The time slots for these stations are filled with American based television shows, cartoon and movies. The local news also doesn’t focus on what is happening in the country each day, but only gives us a brief overview and then skips to â€Å"international news† updating the public on what is happening in places such as USA, Canada, Asia and South America just to name a few. It is speculated that in Jamaica, the people know more about what is going on in America than they do about what is happening in their â€Å"own backyard. † In Jamaica during election time, the political parties use the media as a way to voice their opinions of the other parties and also articles and pictures are published in order to persuade voters to vote for a particular party or to persuade the public to vote in general. The media also helps with political socialization, this is the process by which people form their ideas about   politics and acquire political values, the two main political arties in Jamaica being the Jamaica Labour Party and the People’s National Party. Social media currently plays a huge part in the political culture of Jamaica. Jamaica tries to emulate the political culture of the United States of America that is using social media forums which include facebook and twitter as a way to promote political parties instead of sticking the usual me ans of newspapers and new channels. As technology develops, politics has to develop along with it. An example of this is seen by the creation of a facebook page called â€Å"Young Jamaica† which is an affiliate of the Jamaica Labour Party. The purpose of the page is to inform Jamaica’s youth about the JLP and to promote this party over the PNP. It encourages young Jamaicans to get enumerated and it also highlights the failures of the PNP and its members. Another example of social media forum is the seen by the creation of a facebook page called â€Å"Blame Bruce† which is an affiliate of the People’s National Party blaming past Prime Minister Bruce Golding for problems in Jamaica. There was also a â€Å"hashtag† on twitter called â€Å"Blame Bruce†. The Jamaican political culture is less dependent on the local culture. The most recent instance of the local culture being brought into politics was due to the Jamaica 50th celebration on August 6th 2012, Jamaica was an independent nation for 50 years. Due to technological developments, the political culture of Jamaica is less dependent on local culture. Globalization and Social media have had a huge effect on the political culture, as these seem to have more of an influence than the local culture.